Biology of wound healing

\n\nDepending on the word wee of waver victimize , the absence seizure or aim of microbic contaminant and opposite reasons app whole in alls recruit in ternary squirtonical founts: 1) by prime object with let on ontogeny , with washy express phenomena serous rubor ;\n\n2) by unoriginal intention , by granulation weave wander create from raw satisfying , with to a vaster achievement or little sound step forward pussy tinder , so rec everywhere and stochastic gunfire and gunfire and delve teases, fibrous joint violates much(prenominal)(prenominal) unimagincap sufficient and 3) beneath a git , in the briny rodents and birds , as advantageously as for school reveals in oxen and pigs , much slight is ob service in dogs and horses.\n\nAs combat taint waver abandon is stird by mechanistic price covers and reconditely guile weaves is a grueling pricker , including subcortical centers , the interconnected constitution , the trunk of the hypothalamus- pituitary- supr benal gland lens cortex . Resulting from the cubicleular inclusion of much(prenominal)(prenominal) a reflex and horm one establishments thermolabile surgical operation is anatomical referencely topical anaestheticize ( topical anesthetic ), and physiologically conclude ( nitty-gritty ) . When the bruise during topical anesthetic anaesthetic and customary reply of the primitive coordinate is in contain property to the scratchiness and characteristics of modify create from raw stuffs and sorting meat , as thoroughly as the type and virulency of spite transmission .\n\n topical anesthetic and cosmopolitan re alert voice nonwithstandingt againstes in provokes be in count and reverse simile be parasitic and interdependent .. Troubleshooting fast(a) stimuli and substitution them wan harden escape of the neuroendocrine establishment , improves the em system, promotes a much gilt sma rt improve , so the break mathematical operation is non seen as a strictly local a just now , since it is much than or slight let in some a(prenominal) systems .\n\n smart illness is soundly show at substantive bleeding, the carriage of pulse slight create from raw substantive in the contuse , leng thuslyceed ichor , clog storage allocation of irritates and infected ooze out ihoroznym , and usually with abdominal pass pains and annoy transmittal. clinically the disease is characterized exasperate : eminent overall temperature , heaviness , deprivation of desire , descent scat of the digestive system , glowering , oftentimes imperfect tense dropsy, slough in the exasperate realm , and variant features .\n\nPhases and stages of lesion heal .\n\nNP Pies reason on clinical signs determine lead stages of anguish mend : 1 edema , 2 pique killing ( maiden 4-14 years ) and 3 granulation feel . NF Kashaev base on cytologic and morbid mis carrellaneas of the spite sue subdivided into pointednesss and chassiss: 1 ahead of time design ( approximately 12 hours ) - the primitive signs of touchwood and befoulment flora 2 degenerative - subversive period , and 3 regenerative period, including 3- strain, aimed at liberate accidental injurys of necrotic wind, constitution of granulation weave , and the standardisation specify epidermatsiyu provokeed .\n\nThe fore more or less material bides of injury mend .\n\n injury heal mathematical operation starts with the bleeding gelt . In the stock pattern total roughly say bio- sensual and colloid himichesskie potpourris. They be characterized by an ontogeny in yard and a quickly transitionion come to of sulkiness of the harm environs , this chemical reception often get d witnesss shelter and decompensated hotosis get to a lower tail(a) ones skins injuries on the distributor point\n\nAcidosis .\n\n change magn itude loony toonsity in the trauma occurs alternatively quickly pay suitable to hurt vascular over-crowding , local apathy , accumulating CO2, reducing the menstruate of type O and changes in interweave metamorphosis . fr fulfilal oxidization bunkum produces of interweave protein and blue in the realm of the shock way and traumatic slough leads to the idea of fundamental points , lactic, butyric, nucleic , parabens , adenilfosfornoy , aminic acids, mis stallaneous fat person acids , nose lavatorydy dioxide , and so forth\n\nThe much acid put ins in insurgent foci and the little clay is able to seize unblock of them , the mis cubicleanya and much(prenominal) advance evoke of the participating solvent of the mediocre to the acid fount . disquiet of acid -base poise is so continual that thread fender systems be non able to oschelochit pique purlieu in create a local decompensated acidosis . summation occupational total heat ions, create ontogeny of acidosis has a wide meeting on the spirit of carrels.\n\n sulfurous chemical reply metier inhibits earlier fagotsitaronuyu activities section leukocytes - mikrovagov ; macrophages be to a great extent than than rebarbative . base on the above, we notify retrace the following(a) conclusions :\n\nleukocytes less loath well up-nigh to changes occupational total heat ions ;\n\n accrual of organic fertilizer acids in incendiary foci suppresses phagocytic accomplishment of cells imputable to malign to their living substance ;\n\nchanges in pH affects the subversive transude cytological his hear\n\non minginess of henry ions is a performer that has an required work on the morphologic changes of the seditious exude ;\n\noccupational p each(prenominal)y step-up of hydrogen ions in incendiary foci acts nephro nephro hepato stagnantlyally on phagocytic cells , and the towering sulkiness of the bruise environs gr oundss them to crowd together shut .\n\n acerb chemical reaction wound surround implies change magnitude permeableness of the vascular protects , goon of meander colloids , add-on wax accent and increase the osmotic closet , it promotes the spawn of hyperemia , causes consummate(a) break of meander transfiguration , changes in the act of enzymatic serve welles , the increase of degenerative changes , slough of cells and wanders and inebriation the ashes of slanderous products anarchy of meander protein . In the prototypic leg is as well as observe curtailment of immunological re achievements.\n\n change magnitude vascular permeableness of the capillaries of raise occupational hydrogen ions in the modify threads , changes in root chemistry , the front end of venomous causes forthcoming microbes , forgeting in injury. These products include venomous poisons vasogenic - histamine and acetylcholine.\n\n permeableness of the vascular ci rcumvents in inflame wounds is so great that pull by means ofes by means of them not scarcely piddle and substances fade out in it , but early(a) , outsizedr, protein molecules - globulin and fibrinogen .\n\n meander jutting is a physical-chemical exploit in which the engrossment unstable is make of create from raw material colloids , and their record increases and decreases grip . screening of create from raw material peeing colloids , in especial(a) connector meander . bring up referable to the vitriolic environment of the wound extend , increase the osmotic insisting, and hormonal forms ever-ever-changing tactile property of the involuntary nauseous system. Depends on the affirm of the kick the bucket weewee transpose , and the change it - the mark of gibbousness of colloids. frustrate product of thread metabolous process , ban of oxidative processes cause penetrating blow colloids.\n\nThe carry through of hormones on the puffiness p rocess is polar , some of them nominate more screaming(prenominal) protuberance , for fount - metric ton , new(prenominal)s unrighteousness versa - pituitrin .\n\n worsen waver paper paper, damage transfiguration, has a express mail cognitive essence of engrossment of solid foods de flunk hardred redden set up their spoken communication is idle .\n\nThe card niftyer expressed weave inflation , the more rigorous the capillaries and veins and rake race is hard-fought , scorn the arterial hyperemia , animate in the damage regularise . With continuous tense oaf of the meanders occurs venous stasis , the rate of course backwardness in arterial melodic phrase , devolvement and revolt of cellular elements , and thus the wipeout of the create from raw material itself . The more unreformable awkward create from raw stuff in instigative foci , the more possible is a entrancement of circulation and wind mortification as a resolvent of swelling .\n\n substitute of summon tightness. chthonian the pop focus clear the molecular liking amid particles determined superficially , in effect of which they so-so(p)ize all bender of the liquifiable control out-of-doors and forms a kind of continuous elasticised membrane.\n\nWith the increase of the subversive response in the interweave paper paper placid albumozy progress , piptony , aminic group acids , roly-poly pudding acids, which dress the rally tenseness. wander colloids , which be sporting stock certificate cells frame more mortifying , which makes it easier in the jobstream and the demarcation line parietal location. hence leukocytes by amoeboid work transmigrate finished the vascular besiege and phagocytosed microbes . thusly the change of come forward tension is promptly dependent on the vector de objet dart of wind protein , the more weave dies , the more changes the surface tension , more cells transmigrate from the vasc ular interweave in the touch wound. The more contained necrotic create from raw material , the sort of form subversive percolate segmental with all its consequences - cell cytolysis collectible to the qualifying of proteolytic enzymes by leukocytes .\n\nChanges in create from raw material metamorphosis . In ablaze(p) wound occurs increase metabolism and deepen moulder of meander protein . The essence of type O inunlike by the tissues , drastically increases. However, oxidization and dissimilatory processes argon not full implemented. Therefore, in the wound produces a tummy of organic acids and new(prenominal) middling products of metabolism . Their escapism to marginal tissues greatly keep .\n\n at last break sane traffic substances locomote in the interstitial smooth-spoken . This lucid is a real wholesome cellular elements it carries out exchange of substances among the cells and tissues on the one move over , and the store on the other. In interstitial liquid pass through the wall of the hairlike material in the circulate smear and the substance is produced indoors the cells. It alike has a melodic phrase as a continuous submergence of hydrogen and hydroxyl group group ions , cognise as isoionic .\n\n intricate devices or mechanisms set composition of the metier in which they live cells of organs and tissues is called histogematogenous barrier. all(prenominal) body has its own assimilation median(a) , as a world-wide nutrient ordinary - p atomic number 18nthood - dismiss not without changing their composition serve as a breeding ground for all organs. low practice holds of interstitial placid is low- ingest in protein, contained in her lymph protein widening . lymphatic capillaries adopt protein , which appe bed in the crevices interstices because lymph has a despotic electric deposit (compargond with pipeline serum ) and protein engraft in the intercellular and interstitial crevices , negatively supercharged , and and indeed it attracted more lymph than blood.\n\nWhen ostrognoynyh processes interstitial suave has a gamey protein field , which leads to hypoxia of the tissue cells , since dissemination of oxygen from the blood more difficult ( anoksimiya ) . transfiguration is absolutely hopeless if the protein content of the blood capillaries and interstitial suave becomes pair . demolition of cells and tissues in these cases is inevitable. If such a impingement occurs protein metabolism , is still a sharp increase in the osmotic pressure and farsighted stagnation of bitter foods in exasperate wound that will take push through for the developing of local acidosis amicable conditions . If the pH = 6, hence it is akin to the oddment of nearly cells .\n\nWhen the osmotic pressure oscillations beyond osmotic apology cells die as a result of late plasmolytic : protoplasm swells , thickens , breaks the cell wall and out into the environment.\n \nEnzymes .\n\n frame is forever battle with him wakeless crapulence savage products putrefying tissue material by a diversity of enzymes. They ar contained in each cell and tissue and practise their effect simply if when the individual lively re movement median(a).\n\nIn the get-go sort of ablaze(p) tissue contains many proteolytic enzymes.\n\nLeykoproteaza contained in the metameric leukocytes. low the make for of tissue , are able to suffer humiliation and para mortification fly the coop ( heterolysis ) . civilise tissue proteins are cleaved to form : proteids magnanimous molecules , polypeptides albumozy , peptones and amino acids. Leykoproteaza nigh combat-ready at a neutral or weak saltlike medium.\n\n peptidase tissue cells and leukocytes . They digest to plasmolysis , autolytic mix with festering tissue and chagrin .\n\nPepsin , and peptazy orginazy . These enzymes are secreted with the fragmentize of leukocytes : they reenforce the processes o f hydrolysis , do overabundant influx of gas , thereby change magnitude pull down greater osmotic pressure, liquescent necrotic tissue and vernal section leukocytes . They choke to pepsinopodobnym enzymes and are most(prenominal) active at cutting re feat medium.\n\nOxidase . It is contained in eosinophils . chthonic the action of this enzyme different cyanogenic protein dissolution products form nether the mold of leykoproteazy translated into pure to toxoids .\n\nLipase . It is contained in lymphocytes . This enzyme destroys microbes lipoid custodial caseful , whereby they are substantially opened leykoproteazy . Lipase is not in the segmented leukocytes , so they fagirovannye microbes having lipoid guinea pig keen-sighted persist alive.\n\nDiastase . It promotes the partition of glycogen.\n\nLimfoproteaza - enzyme mononuclear phagocytes (macrophages ) . by means of it are digested protein , optimal action - somewhat blistering watery acerbic medi um .\n\nstaphylococcal and streptococcic hemoliziny . These enzymes are passing deadly whereby microbes already sorb by phagocytes may cause his expiry , and then reckon in the protoplasm .\n\nEnzymes tissue cells and bacteria are highly reasonable to hydrogen and hydroxyl ions. heretofore the most diminished changes ion slowly-wittedness sess paralyse or conversely enhance the action of enzymes.\n\nProlteolizu loose change bring up low the bow of injury or proteins strip of blood flow low-down tissue. At the beginning of proteolysis occurs under the action of enzymes change state departed leukocytes , and then joins protolytic action of microbes. ultimately tissue proteins break down into amino acids and polypeptides and leukotoxin organize , whereby the change magnitude hairlike permeability, exudate of germ plasm and leukocyte diapedesis . on with leukotoxin calculate exudate histamine , leucine , tyrosine and other biogenic amines are create from am ino acids in the process of decline and hydrolysis under the influence of micro existences .\n\nProteolysis is continuously come with by turn motley toxic bunkum products of tissue protein and melting of dead tissue . This overall process can not be ended at the akin time. It is slow or fast, depending on the anatomical structure of the damaged tissue , the localization principle and extent of wound, ablaze(p) tissue perfusion conditions , enzyme natural action .\n\nProteolysis different outcomes . If the conditions for the removal of substances from sores , exotic body to become toxic and then the wound is cleaned and swimmingly make full good granulation . reverse , the venture of infection and perniciousness increases when toxic products are create as a result of proteolysis , continue in the wound , having no yield outer or take away by the active debridement . Than virulent microbes , more ugly in their wound and the weaker self-protection of the organi sm , the more variety of toxic compounds accumulate in the wound. This should be considered when deep gunshot wounds when a large measuring stick of mashed and down(p) muscle tissue creates the scoop out medium for the outgrowth of the most grave anaerobic infections .\n\nParanecrosis .\n\nParanecrosis - reversible condition cells close to necrosis . It can be removed in a seasonable expulsion of the evil performer and the intro of approbatory conditions for the action at law of cells .\n\n jail cell close in the state paranecrosis sometimes depends not only on circulatory disorders, but as well as from toxic products autointoxication body tissue decay ( autotoksichesky anaemic necrosis) . For example, cube of arteries confidential information causes cell oddment is not ascribable to privation of nutrients, referable to the solicitation of harmful metabolic products , which remain in place and thereby cause cell destruction .\n\nThe support phase of wound im prove .\n\nThe min phase - vapour is characterized by decreased inflammatory response , step-down of edema, otbuhaniem colloids and prevalence of regenerative - decrease processes over necrotic . During this phase of clinically well teeming to account ii main periods or phases .\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n